VETEXPERT CardioVet 90 Tablets

‘CardioVet has undergone a reformulation. Coenzyme Q10 has been removed from the feed materials register and thus from the formulation and replaced with selenium yeast, which has antioxidant properties.
INDICATIONS
The formula is intended for dogs with myocardial insufficiency caused by both dilated cardiomyopathy and bicuspid regurgitation.

PACKAGING
90 tablets
COMPOSITION
L-carnitine tartrate (including L-carnitine)
Taurine
Vitamin E 60 IU

DOSAGE
Dogs up to 15 kg body weight. - 1 tablet 2 times a day
Dogs over 15 kg bodyweight. - 2 tablets 2 times a day
Tablets should be crushed and mixed with food. If the daily dose is several tablets can be divided into 2-3 portions. Ensure that the animal has constant access to fresh water.

MECHANISM OF ACTION
The mechanism of action of CardioVet complementary feed is based on the effects of the individual components of this preparation as described in the scientific literature:

L-carnitine is a vitamin-like substance responsible, in mammalian organisms, for transporting fatty acids into the mitochondria in cells, allowing them to be burned through the beta-oxidation of fatty acids and produce energy (Rebouche, 2006). However, in addition to its extremely important role in fat metabolism, L-carnitine is responsible for regulating pyruvate oxidation in the myocardium, making the myocardium better able to use glucose as an energy source. The beneficial effects of L-carnitine on the myocardium have been demonstrated in a number of experimental and clinical studies, in which its use has been shown to improve functional and haemodynamic indices of the failing heart, both in humans and dogs. (Stanley et al., 2003). Studies in dogs have shown that the incidence of heart failure is correlated with L-carnitine deficiency, and its use at doses higher than weight loss can improve cardiac performance, maximal exercise time and maximal heart rate (Soukoulis et al., 2009).
Taurine is an amino acid whose deficiency is a cause of dilated heart failure in cats and is associated with the occurrence of this disease in certain dog breeds such as the American cocker spaniel and golden retriever (Kramer et al., 1995).

 Taurine supports the human and animal cardiovascular system in several different ways: it improves the lipid profile, modulates myocardial calcium ion concentrations and has antioxidant effects. Since the oxidative stress that occurs during fat burning in the intensely working myocardium increases the concentration of calcium ions in the heart, taurine's effect on these ion levels may be based on an antioxidant effect. In addition, taurine modifies the function of voltage-gated calcium channels and regulates sodium and calcium exchange (Xu et al., 2008). In dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy, taurine has a positive inotropic effect and a role in regulating myocardial calcium levels, and its beneficial study has been demonstrated in both dogs with experimentally induced heart failure and veterinary clinic patients (Freeman and Rush, 2006).

The intensive work of the heart muscle requires a constant source of energy, which is the free fatty acids broken down in the mitochondria with the assistance of L-carnitine. A second substance that plays an important role in the respiratory chain in the mitochondria is coenzymeQ10 (ubiquinone). It is an electron transporter and is involved in the production of the high-energy compound ATP in the heart, skeletal muscle and other intensively working tissues. Co-enzyme Q10 is located in the inner membrane of the mitochondria, where it is responsible for stabilising it and controlling the flow of electrons. In addition, coenzyme Q10 has antioxidant properties and protects circulating low-density lipoproteins in the blood from oxidation. Human studies indicate that it is a safe and potentially effective nutritional supplement for humans with heart failure (Soukoulis et al., 2009), and beneficial effects have also been observed in dogs with dilated heart failure (Harker-Murray et al., 2000).

The oxidation of fatty acids leads to the generation of oxygen free radicals, an excess of which causes so-called oxidative stress and has a detrimental effect on a working heart. Oxygen free radicals are neutralised in the heart muscle by so-called free radical scavengers, which, in addition to taurine and coenzyme Q10, include vitamin E with selenium. Increased intake of vitamin E is associated with a decrease in the risk of heart attack in humans or death from heart disease. In addition, vitamin E together with selenium protects against unwanted coronary vasospasm, thereby improving blood supply to the heart muscle. The use of both of these supplements has been found to be beneficial in patients with myocardial insufficiency and heart disease. (Soukoulis et al., 2009).
As a result, CardioVet supplementary food contains active substances with a scientifically documented mechanism of myocardial support in patients with heart failure.